I'm not sure if this is possible, and I doubt it is, but would there be a way through modding to "re-add" some of the missing effects us poor old AMD users have? List of what we cannot view: Annihilaser's laser. The effect of it firing, and the "puncturing" of the planet still view, but not the laser. Metal spot icons Catalyst spot icons North/South Pole Spawn numbers/arrows Again, I don't think this is possible, but if it is, how hard would it be? I, personally, imagine it as just adding a new effect that appears as well as the old one.
Main problem is fact, that person who would craft such mod need GPU that having such problem for testing. Blind testing when only other person have old GPU is take too much time. And if you're play PA a lot it's would be easier to just install some live Linux distribution on USB stick together with Steam/PA because it's only require one tiny fix and work properly (though exactly latest release a bit buggy).
No it's AMD legacy drivers issue on Windows: HD3XXX, HD4XXX. Linux have own open source drivers for those GPUs so issue not present here. Though as far as I understand Ubuntu 12.04 also have old proprietary drivers working and they likely also don't have this issue, but they're old crap with still possible better performance.
I too had this problem. Just buy a new graphics card. They really ain't that expensive. You need a HD5XXX or higher to get it all right.