The problem I am currently facing is that the only orbital structures that I can build are astraeuses, so when the enemy sets up anchors above their base, it is impossible to destroy them. Is it possible for a mod or something to add avengers as a unit available at the start to all loadouts?
Well, normally you'd want to avoid the larger systems until you snag at least Basic or Complete orbital tech. That way you have a have a chance to stop them teching to orbital. If they have a couple in their own base you can ignore it as there's nothing you can do. It's when they build them elsewhere they can be an issue unless you built umbrellas beforehand. A mod would certainly be possible, though I don't know one that would add them to all loadouts. I suppose you could go league of commanders with the one that can build Avengers on the ground if it doesn't clash with loadout specifications. Don't know if one overrides the other.