I built 2 teleporters, clicked one, clicked "use", clicked the second. Made sure they were both on. Told my tanks to "use" the teleporter and they all just piled up in front of the ramp. holding shift showed they all had blue arrows going to the gate and the gate had a blue arrow pointing to the other gate. I thought maybe the exit teleporter was on bad terrain, so I built a new one, tried everything again, still nothing. Both teleporters were on lava planets (different planets). I was so excited to try it out too.
Were the teleporters linked? You don't link teleporters with the 'use' command, just right click. When the teleporters are linked an effect should trigger.
Good to know, but energy was no issue: I was playing the "jump off-planet and cover a moon with energy/metal generators and factories" strategy.